HISTORY
 


   
Here on this page you will find a myriad of links all pertaining to History of the United States as well as numerous categories of arts, music, museums, culture, revolutionary war, civil war, WW1, WW2, Korean war, Vietnam etc. Also, almost anything you may ever need to find on world history. You can literally spend hours just on the links here. All HISTORY LINKS CAN BE FOUND AT BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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           Almost everything from everywhere can be found here. Some of our favorite web pages to go to for information and just for fun. These pages will be added to quite often.
 
 
 
Helpful Links

.             From the Library of Congress to Rummaging through the Attic you will find these links most helpful, interesting, and informative.
LISTED HERE ARE SOME GREAT SITES TO VISIT AND LEARN FROM
PATRIOT FREEDOM ENCOURAGES EVERYONE TO CHECK THEM OUT
 
 
 
 
 
INTERESTING!

Panorama: Inside the Charles W. Morgan

Quentin Snediker, director of the shipyard at Mystic Seaport, discusses some of the renovations that are being made to the Charles W. Morgan, a rare wooden whaling ship built in 1841 in New Bedford, Mass. The Morgan is the last surviving wooden whaleship from a time when more than 2,700 vessels of its kind existed. The ship was recognized as a National Historic Landmark in 1967.
VIEW THE PANORAMA HERE

 

The Missing 13th Amendment

 

May19th, 1780

Darkness at Noon Enshrouds New England
1780: In the midst of the Revolutionary War, darkness descends on New England at midday. Many people think Judgment Day is at hand. It will be remembered as New England's Dark Day.

Diaries of the preceding days mention smoky air and a red sun at morning and evening. Around noon this day, an early darkness fell: Birds sang their evening songs, farm animals returned to their roosts and barns, and humans were bewildered.

Some went to church, many sought the solace of the tavern, and more than a few nearer the edges of the darkened area commented on the strange beauty of the preternatural half-light. One person noted that clean silver had the color of brass.

It was darkest in northeastern Massachusetts, southern New Hampshire and southwestern Maine, but it got dusky through most of New England and as far away as New York. At Morristown, New Jersey, Gen. George Washington noted it in his diary.

In the darkest area, people had to take their midday meals by candlelight. A Massachusetts resident noted, "In some places, the darkness was so great that persons could not see to read common print in the open air." In New Hampshire, wrote one person, "A sheet of white paper held within a few inches of the eyes was equally invisible with the blackest velvet."

At Hartford, Col. Abraham Davenport opposed adjourning the Connecticut legislature, thus: "The day of judgment is either approaching, or it is not. If it is not, there is no cause of an adjournment; if it is, I choose to be found doing my duty."

When it was time for night to fall, the full moon failed to bring light. Even areas that had seen a pale sun in the day could see no moon at all. No moon, no stars: It was the darkest night anyone had seen. Some people could not sleep and waited through the long hours to see if the sun would ever rise again. They witnessed its return the morning of May 20. Many observed the anniversary a year later as a day of fasting and prayer.

Professor Samuel Williams of Harvard gathered reports from throughout the affected areas to seek an explanation. A town farther north had reported "a black scum like ashes" on rainwater collected in tubs. A Boston observer noted the air smelled like a "malt-house or coal-kiln." Williams noted that rain in Cambridge fell "thick and dark and sooty" and tasted and smelled like the "black ash of burnt leaves."

As if from a forest fire to the north? Without railroad or telegraph, people would not know: No news could come sooner than delivered on horseback, assuming the wildfire was even near any European settlements in the vast wilderness.

But we know today that the darkness had moved southwest at about 25 mph. And we know that forest fires in Canada in 1881, 1950 and 2002 each cast a pall of smoke over the northeastern United States.

A definitive answer came in 2007. In the International Journal of Wildland Fire, Erin R. McMurry of the University of Missouri forestry department and co-authors combined written accounts with fire-scar evidence from Algonquin Provincial Park in eastern Ontario to document a massive wildfire in the spring of 1780 as the "likely source of the infamous Dark Day of 1780."

Source: The Weather Doctor

 

We at Patriot Freedom just had to share this, really amazing video

Last Eye Witness of the Assasination of Abraham Lincoln... on video Feb. 9, 1956....

 
EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT TO THE  
 
The Death of

George Washington, 1799
George Washington finished his second term as the first President of the United States in 1797. Weary of the political infighting surrounding the presidency, he longed for the peace of retirement to his beloved Mount Vernon. Unfortunately, his solitude lasted less than three years as he died on December 14, 1799 at age 67.
Death of a Founding Father
George Washington Custis was the son of John Custis, the son of Martha Washington from her first marriage to Daniel Custis. George Washington Custis was thus Martha Washington's grandson. His father - John - served as an aide to George Washington and died from camp fever during the Battle of Yorktown in 1781. Washington immediately adopted the six-month-old Custis and his sister Eleanor as his own children. Custis lived at Mount Vernon and became the darling of the household.
Custis was nineteen at the time of Washington's death. He describes the scene:
"On the morning of the thirteenth, the general was engaged in making some improvements in the front of Mount Vernon. As was usual with him, he carried his own compass, noted his observations, and marked out the ground. The day became rainy, with sleet, and the improver remained so long exposed to the inclemency of the weather as to be considerably wetted before his return to the house. About one o'clock he was seized with chilliness and nausea, but having changed his clothes, he sat down to his indoor work - there being no moment of his time for which he had not provided an appropriate employment.
At night on joining his family circle, the general complained of a slight indisposition, and after a single cup of tea, repaired to his library, where he remained writing until between eleven and twelve o'clock. Mrs. Washington retired about the usual family hour, but becoming alarmed at not hearing the accustomed sound of the library door as it closed for the night, and gave signal for rest in the well-regulated mansion, she rose again, and continued sitting up, in much anxiety and suspense. At length the well-known step was heard on the stair, and upon the general's entering his chamber, the lady chided him for staying up so late, knowing him to be unwell, to which Washington made this memorably reply: 'I came so soon as my business was accomplished. You well know that through a long life, it has been my unvaried rule, never to put off till the morrow the duties which should be performed today.'
George Washington Custis
Having first covered the fire with care, the man of mighty labors sought repose; but it came not, as it long had been wont to do, to comfort and restore after the many and earnest occupations of the well-spent day. The night was passed in feverish restlessness and pain...The manly sufferer uttered no complaint, would permit no one to be disturbed in their rest on his account, and it was only at daybreak he would consent that the overseer might be called in, and bleeding resorted to. A vein was opened, but no relief afforded. Couriers were dispatched to Dr. Craik, the family, and Drs. Dick and Brown, the consulting physicians, all of whom came with speed. The proper remedies were administered, but without producing their healing effects; while the patient, yielding to the anxious looks of all around him, waived his usual objections to medicines, and took those which were prescribed without hesitation or remark. The medical gentlemen spared not their skill, and all the resources of their art were exhausted in unwearied endeavors to preserve this noblest work of nature.
The night approached - the last night of Washington. The weather became severely cold while the group gathered nearer to the couch of the sufferer, watching with intense anxiety for the slightest dawning of hope. He spoke but little. To the respectful and affectionate inquiries of an old family servant, as she smoothed down his pillow, how he felt himself, he answered, 'I am very ill.' To Dr. Craik, his earliest companion-in-arms, longest tried and bosom friend, he observed, 'I am dying, sir - but am not afraid to die.' To Mrs. Washington he said, 'Go to my desk, and in the private drawer you will find two papers - bring them to me.' They were brought. He continued -'These are my Wills -preserve this one and burn the other,' which was accordingly done. Calling to Colonel Lear, he directed - 'Let my corpse be kept for the usual period of three days.'
The patient bore his acute sufferings with fortitude and perfect resignation to the Divine will, while as the night advanced it became evident that he was sinking, and he seemed fully aware that 'his hour was nigh.' He inquired the time, and was answered a few minutes to ten. He spoke no more - the hand of death was upon him, and he was conscious that 'his hour was come.' With surprising self-possession he prepared to die. Composing his form at length, and folding his arms on his bosom, without a sigh, without a groan, the Father of his Country died. No pang or struggle told when the noble spirit took its noiseless flight; while so tranquil appeared the manly features in the repose of death, that some moments had passed ere those around could believe that the patriarch was no more."
References:
   Custis, George Washington Parke, Recollections of Washington (1860).
eyewitnesstohistory.com
 
 
 
The Price of Adultery in

Puritan Massachusetts, 1641
 
 
This is the story of Mary Latham an eighteen-year-old girl who strayed from the moral path of her Puritan community and paid for her transgression with her life. Mary suffered from unrequited love. Spurned by the object of her affection, she resolved to wed the first man who came along. She carried out her threat by marrying a much older man for whom she could muster no fondness.
Mary was what we today would call a "Party Girl." She apparently liked a good time and it wasn't long after her wedding that she was seduced by the overtures of several young men (married and unmarried) to join in drinking parties that often led to sex. One of her companions was James Britton, a recently arrived professor from England. After the act (and the onset of an illness he presumed was a punishment) Britton's conscience persuaded him to confess his action. This was the start of Mary's misfortunes, for the Massachusetts colony had that very year constructed its first code of laws and among these was the penalty of death for the crime of adultery.
"The woman proved very penitent..."
John Winthrop was the first Governor of Massachusetts Colony. He describes the plight of Mary Latham in his diaries:
"At this court of assistants one James Britton, a man ill affected both to our church discipline and civil government, and one Mary Latham, a proper young woman about 18 years of age, whose father was a godly man and had brought her up well, were condemned to die for adultery...
This woman, being rejected by a young man whom she had an affection unto, vowed she would marry the next that came to her, and accordingly, against her friends' minds, she matched with an ancient man who had neither honesty nor ability, and one whom she had no affection unto.
Whereupon, soon after she was married, several young men solicited her chastity, and drawing her into bad company, and giving her wine and other gifts, easily prevailed with her, and among others this Britton. But God smiting him with a deadly palsy and a fearful horror of conscience, he could not keep secret...
The woman dwelt now in Plimouth patent, and one of the magistrates there, hearing she was [wanted by us] , sent her to us. Upon her

John Winthrop
examination, she confessed he did attempt the fact, but did not commit it, and witness was produced that testified (which they both confessed) that in the evening of a day of humiliation through the country for England, a company met at Britton's and there continued drinking till late in the night, and then Britton and the woman were seen upon the ground together, a little from the house.
It was reported also that she did frequently abuse her husband, setting a knife to his breast and threatening to kill him, calling him old rogue and cuckold, and said she would make him wear horns as big as a bull.
And yet some of the magistrates thought the evidence not sufficient against her, because there were not two direct witnesses; but the jury cast her, and then she confessed the fact, and accused twelve others, whereof two were married men. Five of these were apprehended and committed, (the rest were gone,) but denying it, and there being no other witness against them than the testimony of a condemned person, there could be no proceeding against them.
The woman proved very penitent, and had deep apprehension of the foulness of her sin, and at length attained to hope of pardon by the blood of Christ, and was willing to die in satisfaction to justice. The man also was very much cast down for his sins, but was loath to die, and petitioned the general court for his life, but they would not grant it...
They were both executed, they both died very penitently, especially the woman, who had some comfortable hope of pardon of her sin, and gave good exhortation to all young maids to be obedient to their parents, and to take heed of evil company."
References:
   This eyewitness account appears in: Winthrop, John, The History of New England 1630 to 1649 James Kendall Hosmer (ed.) (1908); Erikson, Kai T. Wayward Puritans (1966)
 
 
 
 
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GREAT RESOURCES FOR ALL
 
 
                        More Great links to check out:                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OBTAINING A PASSPORT AND WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
 
 
According to the United States Department of State (DOS), all individuals, regardless of age, must have their own passport when traveling internationally. Applicants are required to appear in person when applying for a passport if any of the following circumstances is true:
  • This is the first time the applicant is applying for a passport;
  • The applicant is a child under age 16 (minor), or the current passport was issued prior to his/her 16th birthday;
  • The applicant does not have acceptable proof of citizenship or identification;
  • The applicant's current passport was lost or stolen; or
  • The applicant is otherwise not eligible to renew his/her current passport.
When applying in person, the applicant must appear at a passport acceptance facility, and bring the following items:
  • Form DS-11 (Application for U.S. Passport or Registrations) - This form is used to apply for a passport book, passport card, or both. It may be completed online and printed, downloaded from the DOS website and completed by hand, or obtained from the passport acceptance facility. Caution: The application may not be signed in advance.
  • Proof of U.S. Citizenship - This can be the applicant's U.S. birth certificate, Consular Report of Birth Abroad, Naturalization Certificate, previous U.S. passport or a copy of his/her passport record. If these documents have been lost or misplaced, contact the National Passport Information Center (NPIC) for assistance. It may also be possible to apply for a passport without a birth certificate using alternate documents.
  • Proof of Identity - This can be the applicant's driver's license, state, military or government ID, valid/expired passport, Naturalization Certificate or Alien Resident card. Alternate proofs of identity can be used if these are unavailable.
  • The Applicant's Social Security Number - Showing the card is not required, but the number is. If the applicant does not have a Social Security number, zeroes should be entered instead.
  • Proof of Name Change - If the applicant's name has changed from the way it appears on his/her citizenship documents, proof of legal name change is required. If the name was changed without legal proof, Form DS-60 (Affidavit Regarding a Change of Name) must be completed by one or more individuals with personal knowledge of the applicant's use of both names. Please note that these individuals do not need to appear with the applicant.
  • Two Identical, Recent Photos of the Applicant - Photographs should be two inches by two inches in size, showing a full facial view of the applicant against a light background. These can be made at most photo shops by asking for passport photos.
  • All Passport Application Fees - Please check with the acceptance facility as to the forms of payment they accept, as these vary by location. Also, verify the fees corresponding to the type of application.
Applicants who are replacing a lost or stolen passport must also complete and submit Form DS-64 (Statement Regarding Lost or Stolen Passport) to report the loss. Because parental consent is required, parents or guardians applying on behalf of a minor must accompany the applicant and will need to co-sign the application. Parents or guardians will need to provide:
  • Proof of Relationship to the Minor - This can be a U.S. birth certificate, Consular Report of Birth Abroad naming the parents, an adoption decree naming the adoptive parents, or a court order establishing custody or guardianship.
  • Proof of the Parents' or Guardians' Identity - This can be a driver's license, state, military or government ID, valid/expired passport, Naturalization Certificate or Alien Resident card.
  • Documentation of Parental Permission - Both parents should appear to sign the application. If only one parent appears, a notarized Form DS-3053 (Statement of Consent: Issuance of a Passport to a Minor under Age 16) or a notarized statement with the same information from the other parent is required, or legal proof of sole custody. If such proof is unavailable, the applying parent should submit Form DS-3053.
If the applicant is age 16 or older at the time of application, the passport will have a validity of 10 years and be renewable by mail. Passports issued to minors only have a validity of five years and cannot be renewed. Official documents submitted with a passport application as supporting documentation will be returned to the applicant. They will either be sent separately, or included with the new passport. Additional information is available from Passport Services. You may also contact the NPIC if you need further direction or assistance.
Additional Resources:
 
 
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